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Operation Top Hat
Operation Top Hat was a "local field exercise"〔 conducted by the United States Army Chemical Corps in 1953. The exercise involved the use of Chemical Corps personnel to test biological and chemical warfare decontamination methods. These personnel were deliberately exposed to these contaminants, so as to test decontamination.
==Background==
In June 1953 the United States Army formally adopted guidelines regarding the use of human subjects in chemical, biological, or radiological testing and research.〔 The guidelines were adopted per an Army Chief of Staff memo (MM 385) and closely mirrored the Nuremberg Code.〔 These guidelines also required that all research projects involving human subjects receive approval from the Secretary of the Army.〔 The guidelines, however, left a loophole; they did not define what types of experiments and tests required such approval from the secretary, thus encouraging "selective compliance" with the guidelines.〔Pechura, Constance M. and Rall, David P. ''Veterans at Risk: The Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite'', ((Google Books )), U.S. Institute of Medicine: Committee to Survey the Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite, National Academies Press, 1993, p. 379–80, (ISBN 030904832X).〕
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